All The Complex Elements Of Japanese Prints In The Past

Japanese prints are, till this day, made from etched wood blocks.

The method employed to produce Japanese prints can be called "wood engraving" or "woodcut printing".

The original four-step process:

The realization of Japanese woodblock prints calls for the partnership of 4 different tradesmen / artists:

#1. That of the designer: during the period of classic engraving, the designer would draw a dark outline on white paper so as to give an indication of the ultimate picture to the colour printer.

From the twentieth century, the designer usually paints a watercolor image. Then he hands this to the engraver and printer. It is usually the name of the designer that history of art takes note of (eg. Utamaro, Hokusai, Hiroshige and so forth, these were all designers of Japanese Ukiyo-e prints).

#2. That of the carver: he carves, sculpts rather, blocks of timber, each and every block for a unique color to be used in the final printing process.

#3. That of the printer: he paints the colors on the blocks and then presses each block successively on to the unique Japanese paper. He creates the various colour gradients, which were notably virtuosic in the "Shin-hanga" posters. These gradients are known as "Bokashi" in Japanese.

#4. The publisher: this is the "director". He discovers the talents needed to produce these artworks; the designers, engravers, and printers. Then he places them under contract and coordinates them in an effort to generate the engraved work. The publisher's identify is known to us only when the works are pieces of great cartoonists (eg. Tsutaya, publisher of Utamaro).

Currently, the methods of creating a hand crafted print remains as detailed above. Yet the twentieth century saw the creation of a new method, where the artist / designer creates his own prints. This approach is now known as the "Sosaku-Hanga" (Creative Engraving).

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